Why Ref? Understanding sport officials’ motivations to begin, continue, and quit

Continue, quit, restart probability model

We discuss a new applied probability model: there is a system whose evolution is described by a Markov chain (MC) with known transition matrix on a discrete state space and at each moment of a discrete time a decision maker can apply one of three possible actions: continue, quit, and restart MC in one of a finite number of fixed “restarting” points. Such a model is a generalization of a model d...

International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism Sport Officials’ Longevity: Motivation and Passion for the Sport

The purpose of this review was to examine sport officials’ motivation and passion to become and remain a referee in today’s sport climate. There are endless accounts of misconduct towards officials from participants, coaches, parents and fans. This review examined the research evidence that explained why officials continue to work in their sport and tried to determine what motivations were fact...

Understanding Why Undergraduate Students Declare and Continue to Study an Exercise Science-Related Major

Understanding factors that contribute to a student's selection of an exercise science-related major is important to student success, higher education and industry. This study sought to 1) better understand why undergraduate students study an exercise science-related major, 2) determine whether positive influences to study an exercise science-related major differ by academic classification, and ...

Why Do Sports Officials Dropout?

Sports officials’ recruitment and retention is currently an issue for many sports. The sources of stress are numerous but seem to have a reduced impact on sport officials’ dropout. To examine potential reasons of sport officiating dropout, 1718 sport officials were asked to fill a survey about their motivation, the way they trained and are evaluated, perceived stress, the qualities and skills r...

Why do hospital costs continue to increase?